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DR Congo - US - EU - Rwanda: United States Government Imposes Sanctions Rwandan Defense Leader General Kabarebe - AFC- M23 in DRC

M23 Rebels in Rwanda in March 2013

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On  February 20, 2025,  The United States Government  listed  and sanctioned  General James Kabarebe aka "Killing Machine", Rwanda’s Minister of State for Regional Integration and  one of the top  commanders of the  Rwandan Defense Forces (RDF) and  a top Congolese leader and spokesperson of the rebel movement Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC), and M23, suspected of covering the looted mineral trafficking.  The Sanctions follow those imposed by European Union (EU) on July 26, 2024 and by the United States Government on July 25, 2024 against  the top leaders RDF and  top Congolese leaders and commanders of AFC and M23, for war crimes, looting, and human tragedies. Based on AfroAmerica Network sources in DR Congo and Rwanda, the DR Congo and people have praised the US Government for the action, while the Rwandan dictator Paul Kagame and RDF top military leaders, very angry against the US Government, are very worried about the next steps by the US Government.

In these latest sanctions, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) imposed sanctions on General James Kabarebe aka "Killing Machine" Kabarebe),  who is serving as the Rwanda’s Minister of State for Regional Integration, for his central role  "to Rwanda’s support for the March 23 Movement (M23), a U.S.- and United Nations (UN)-designated armed group that has rapidly expanded its territorial control in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and is responsible for human rights abuses", including systematic massacres of civilians, rapes, looting, and other.

Others sanctioned by OFAC include Lawrence Kanyuka Kingston, an M23 and AFC  senior member and spokesperson and his  two companies  Kanyuka’s companies Kingston Fresh LTD  and  Kingston Holding registered in the U.K. and France. These two companies are accused of selving as shell companies for illicit transactions of rich minerals looted from DR Congo by  the top leaders of the Rwandan military and M23 Rebels . 

These sanctions expand those imposed  on July 25, 2024 by the United States Government,  designating  and sanctioning  top Congolese leaders of the rebel movement Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC), M23, and Twirwaneho and those of August 24, 2023 against a Rwandan military  general,  Brigadier General Andrew Nyanvumba, leading the  Congolese invasion by Rwandan troops under the cover of M23 rebels.J

Rwandan troops, under the cover of M23 rebels and Twirwaneho, have been responsible for the humanitarian crisis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), for more than a decade.  Since the beginning, AfroAmerica Network has reported, based on the sources within the Rwandan Government, that M23 rebels  and Twirwaneho were just a cover of the Rwandan troops (see DR Congo - US - Rwanda: US Government Imposes Sanctions Against Leaders of AFC- M23 - Twirwaneho Rebels in DRC).  

The  July 26, 2024 EU Council sanctions have  targeted some top leaders of groups fighting in DRC  and a Commander of Rwandan Defense Forces (RDF) that have been invading DR Congo under the cover of the rebel groups and militia.

All these  sanctions point to serious human rights violations including  war crimes,  killings, sexual violence, attacks on civilians, as well as child recruitment.

The OFAC sanctions include travel ban,   asset freezes and  the US citizens and companies being forbidden from making funds available to the sanctioned entities and individuals.


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US  and EU Sanctions Expanding to  Rwandan Leaders Covering  the Invasion of DR Congo by Rwandan Regime.

EU  Sanctions now target a total of 31 individuals and three  entities. In previous reports, one of the  key challenging questions was whether the latest  US and EU  sanctions, would finally be imposed on the  top Rwandan military leaders behind AFC, M23, Twirwaneho, and RED Tabara.  Among the Rwandan Defense Forces top Military leaders that had  been considered for sanctions for leading the invasion of the DRC, under the cover of M23 Rebels and Twirwaneho and soon Burundi, under RED Tabara  were:

  • General James Kabarebe, until recently the Defense and Security Adviser to the Rwandan dictator Paul Kagame, who  designed and coordinated the invasion;
  •  Military leaders who designed the strategy and led the implementation of the operations:  General Jean Bosco Kazura, Lieutenant General Mubarakh Muganga, Major General Franck Mugambage, Major General Vincent Nyakarundi, Major General Ruki Karusisi, Major General Eric Murokore, and Brigadier General Rugumyangabo Gacinya; 
  • Brigadier General Andrew Nyanvumba: Coordination of on ground operations by  RDF special and reserve forces (sanctioned);
  • Command of deployed RDF troops 201st and 301st brigades brigades, RDF special forces: Major General Ruki Karusisi, Major General Alexis Kagame,  Major General Emmy Ruvusha, and Captain Niragire Jean Pierre, aka alias Gasasira.

With the sanctions against  of General James Kabarebe a major step has been made.   General James Kabarebe is also  known as  "Killing Machine" for his widespread  approval and encouraging systematic  massacres of civilians including children, women, elderly, disabled, and others. The  massacres of Rwandan refugees and Congolese civilians  by Rwandan defense forces directly and  under the cover of M23 and other Congolese militia  have reached  over 16 millions killed civilians including women, children, and elderly,  over  the last 30 years, as documented by the United Nations Group of Experts and other Non Government Organization and independent organizations and activists.

Following the sanctions, Congolese human rights activists, political analysts, religious leaders, and government officials  contacted by AfroAmerica Network have praised the current leaders of the US Government for these significant actions.

Meanwhile, the sources  close to  the Rwandan dictator Paul Kagame and his top military leaders contacted by AfroAmerica Network have informed that Paul Kagame, very angry against the US Government, has disappeared  and the military leaders  are very worried about the next steps by the US Government. Only the spokesperson of the Rwandan government, Yolanda Makolo, has publicly rejected the sanctions, but shown strong signs of anxiety during her contacts with the media.

However, a key question remains: Will Rwandan dictator Paul Kagam and the other top Rwandan military leaders mentionned  for their roles in leading the invasion of DR Congo and, as planned,  of  Burundi,  be sanctioned soon, along with their families and associates? 

According to public information the US State Department has accused  Rwandan dictator Paul Kagame regime, his associates and family members,  of violating various U.S. statutes by utilizing the U.S. financial system to transfer funds from illicit trade of minerals.  These actions violate the provisions of  the Anti-Money Laundering Act,  the Bank Secrecy Act, the Foreign Assistance Act, and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

How about the Ugandan Military Leaders, especially the Chief of Defence of UPDF, General Muhoozi Kainerugaba, the son of Ugandan dictator Yoweri Museveni, who has sent the Ugandan People's Defense forces (UPDF) to reinforce the RDF in their invasions(see:DR Congo - Rwanda - Uganda: DRC Balkanization Plan In Progress; Is The World Ready for a Nightmare Similar to the 1990-1994 Rwandan Tragedy?).

AfroAmerica Network is still following the dynamics.

©2025 AfroAmerica Network. 


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