US - DR Congo - Rwanda: US Government Makes Progress in the Peace Process Aimed at Stopping the Invasion of DR Congo by Rwanda

On April 25, 2025, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio hosted a Signing Ceremony of the Declaration of Principles between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) and Rwanda. The ceremony, held at the US State Department in Washington, DC was attended by the two countries' foreign affairs ministers: the Democratic Republic of the Congo Foreign Minister Therese Kayikwamba Wagner and Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe. The plan of actions on the agreement remains to be clarified. In fact, the agreement was a "declaration of principles" with broad statements on the objectives. The proposed actions, the key milestones, and the engagement of specific actors were still to be defined with the drafts expected in the following days ( see: US - DR Congo - Rwanda: US Secretary of State Marco Rubio Hosts Signing Ceremony of Principles on Stopping the Invasion of DR Congo by Rwanda)

The drafts were expected by May 2, 2025, in accordance with the provisions in the Declaration of Principles. Although the governments of DR Congo and Rwanda did not officially confirm the submission of the drafts, both Massad Boulos and Olivier Nduhungirehe announced the submission on social media. On Saturday May 4, 2025 on X social media, Rwandan Foreign Affairs Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe said that the two sides' contributions are on-going but "have not yet been consolidated."
Then, on Monday May 5, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump's Senior Advisor for Africa and the Middle East Massad Boulos said on X social that he welcomed "the draft text on a peace proposal received from both DRC and Rwanda ... This is an important step toward fulfilling the commitments made in the Declaration of Principles, and I count on their continued commitment to achieving peace.”

According to various reports and AfroAmerica Network sources, the peace agreement is expected to be finalized in late May 2025 and to be signed in Washington DC in early June 2025 by DR Congo President Félix Tshisekedi and Rwandan dictator Paul Kagame, at the White House.

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What is Next, Which Actors, What Plan of Actions ?

Several African leaders are expected to attend the signing ceremony to be hosted by US President Donald Trump at the Whitehouse. Those expected include Togo President Faure Gnassingbé, acting as the African Union-appointed mediator, and other African presidents who participated in previously failed processes, including Kenya President William Ruto for EAC, Zimbabwe President Emmerson Mnangagwa for SADC, and the Emir of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim ibn Hamad Al Thani for Doha accords. Angola has withdrawn from the process. There are also reports that former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo has been playing an important role in the background and hence would attend. Olusegun Obasanjo was named EAC-SADC mediator and has been quietly meeting Massad Boulos and DR Congo leaders, including President Félix Tshisekedi, to push his plan for internal dialogue. It is also reported that French President Emmanuel Macron may also attend.

Meanwhile, the leaders of AFC/M23 have already stated that they are not part of the process and are not concerned by the agreements. Hence, in Eastern DR Congo, the Rwandan Defense Forces (RDF), under the cover of M23 rebels, have continued to expand the invasion in Walikale, towards Kisangani, and Lake Edward and in South-Kivu, capturing the strategic areas surrounding the city of Bukavu. Since the beginning of the latest invasion by RDF under the cover of M23 rebels, tens of thousands of civilians have been killed and hundreds of thousands, if not millions, according to some estimates, have been displaced.

There are also reports that the RDF Troops, under the cover of RED Tabara and Twirwaneho, are advancing towards the border of Burundi, with the plan to capture Bujumbura, the capital of Burundi.

Now the questions being asked left and right are: what is really the plan of action of the Peace Agreement? How will it be implemented? Who are the key actors and their responsibilities? Who is gaining what? Who will monitor the implementation.

Hence, so much expectations are on the USA Government to finally bring peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in the Great Lakes Region of Africa, in general, after more than 35 years of humanitarian tragedy, war crimes, genocides, looting of mineral and other natural resources, and desperation.

AfroAmerica Network is still following the dynamics.

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