On July 26, 2024, The European Union (EU) Council listed and sanctioned a commander of the Rwandan Defense Forces (RDF) and top Congolese leaders and commanders of the rebel movement Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC), and M23. The sanctions follow those imposed on July 25, 2024 by the United States Government, designating and sanctioning top Congolese leaders of the rebel movement Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC), M23, and Twirwaneho and those of August 24, 2023 against a Rwandan military general, Brigadier General Andrew Nyanvumba, leading the Congolese invasion by Rwandan troops under the cover of M23 rebels.
Rwandan troops, under the cover of M23 rebels, have been responsible for the humanitarian crisis in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), for more than a decade. Since the beginning, AfroAmerica Network has reported, based on the sources within the Rwandan Government, that M23 rebels were just a cover of the Rwandan troops (see DR Congo - US - Rwanda: US Government Imposes Sanctions Against Leaders of AFC- M23 - Twirwaneho Rebels in DRC).
The latest EU Council sanctions target some top leaders of groups fighting in DRC and a Commander of Rwandan Defense Forces (RDF) that have been invading DR Congo under the cover of the rebel groups and militia.
The sanctions point to serious human rights violations including war crimes, killings, sexual violence, attacks on civilians, as well as child recruitment.
Among the sanctioned are Corneille Yobeluo Nangaa , the leader of Congo River Alliance (Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC)), two leaders of the March 23 Movement/Congolese Revolutionary Army (M23/ARC) executive secretary, Benjamin Mbonimpa, and Brigadier-General Justin Gacheri Musanga and Rwanda Defense Force (RDF) commander Colonel Augustin Migabo.
The EU also listed and sanctioned leaders of several armed groups operating in DR Congo, including :
- the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda - Forces Combattantes Abacunguzi (FDLR-FOCA);
- Allied Democratic Forces (ADF);
- Collectif des Mouvements pour le Changement-Forces de Défense du Peuple’ (CMC- FDP);
- ‘Wazalendo’ or ‘Volontaires pour la Défense de la Patrie’ (VDP)
The sanctions include travel ban, asset freezes and the EU citizens and companies being forbidden from making funds available to the sanctioned entities and individuals.
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US and EU Sanctions Expanding to Leaders Covering the Invasion of DR Congo by Rwandan Regime.
EU Sanctions target a total of 31 individuals and one entity. In the armed groups fighting in DR Congo, the following leaders were also targeted:
- Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda - Forces Combattantes Abacunguzi (FDLR-FOCA): deputy Commander Pierre Celestin Rurakabije and Commander Gustave Kubwayo;
- Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), Commander Amigo Kiribige;
- Collectif des Mouvements pour le Changement-Forces de Défense du Peuple’ (CMC- FDP), an armed group active in Eastern DRC and part of the so-called ‘Wazalendo’ or ‘Volontaires pour la Défense de la Patrie’ (VDP) were also sanctioned: Spokesperson and Commander.
With the latest US and EU sanctions, the key question remains. Will the top Rwandan military leaders behind AFC, M23, and Twirwaneho be also sanctioned? Among the Rwandan Defense Forces top Military leaders that have been considered for sanctions for leading the invasion of the DRC, under the cover of M23 Rebels and Twirwaneho are:
- General James Kabarebe, until recently the Defense and Security Adviser to the Rwandan dictator Paul Kagame, who designed and coordinated the invasion;
- Military leaders who designed the strategy and led the implementation of the operations: General Jean Bosco Kazura, Lieutenant General Mubarakh Muganga, Major General Franck Mugambage, Major General Vincent Nyakarundi, Major General Ruki Karusisi, Major General Eric Murokore, and Brigadier General Rugumyangabo Gacinya;
- Brigadier General Andrew Nyanvumba: Coordination of on ground operations by RDF special and reserve forces (sanctioned);
- Command of deployed RDF troops 201st and 301st brigades brigades, RDF special forces: Major General Ruki Karusisi, Major General Alexis Kagame, Major General Emmy Ruvusha, and Captain Niragire Jean Pierre, aka alias Gasasira.
©2024 AfroAmerica Network.
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